Details, Details!

Details, Details!

My students are generalizers. They tend to be big picture thinkers, which truly is an amazing gift, and can set them apart in many ways. Spelling is not an area that benefits from big picture thinking though. And it is an area in which most dyslexic people struggle.

When I am screening a student at school to see if they may be dyslexic, I always ask the classroom teacher for an unedited writing sample from that student.  Spelling is quite revealing of the understanding a student has of the jobs of letters in words, so makes a good assessment tool, among others, for evaluating who may or may not be dyslexic.

Non-Dyslexic people are pretty well able to use their orthographic memory to know how a word should look after several exposures to it.  Dyslexic individuals struggle with that aspect of memory, so benefit from understanding the “why” behind how words are spelled.

An article from Laughing Ogre Press illustrates the fascinating details that English spelling operates under. The article covers all the jobs that silent e does in English words.  Its a great read for we word geeks, and explains so much for the struggling spellers among us!  Read it here.  Happy spelling!

How It Feels to Take Notes as a Dyslexic Individual.

How It Feels to Take Notes as a Dyslexic Individual.

I know it is hard for my dyslexic students to keep up with taking notes. Even dictation sentences with carefully chosen words can be a real challenge. A video of a new writing simulation that helps those of us who are not dyslexic understand just a bit of the reality of the note taking struggle can be viewed by going here.  I found it quite helpful in putting myself in my students’ shoes.  I hope it helps you envision the reality of what an enormous task accurate notes can be, and why our dyslexic students often don’t know the meaning of what they have just recorded.

The Word Study approach to teaching spelling

The Word Study approach to teaching spelling

In a traditional spelling program, students learn to spell words that are deemed appropriate to their grade level. In a word study program, however, students learn about words.  The Orton-Gillingham approach is essentially a word study approach.  This detailed article will teach you more about the art of teaching spelling than you ever imagined!

Word Study approach to spelling

Teaching them to spell what they hear

Teaching them to spell what they hear

My second grade small group is in nonsense word mode.  I dictate nonsense words strung together for them to write as sentences, we do games with nonsense words, we write nonsense words in columns by vowel sound, we make up meanings for the nonsense words and sentences, and giggle when we think it sounds as if we are speaking Dutch or Russian.

The students are enjoying the nonsense words, unaware of the serious work they are accomplishing.   I am building their ability to latch onto the sounds they hear and remember the units of sounds in the order given to spell it out.  They have grown accurate in their ability to read and spell crazy, made up words like bliv, nuv and zosk. As they sound out and finger spell these words, they firm up their ability to read and spell real words by syllable, even if they have never before seen that word.

The sense of using nonsense words is that it forces the student to work with words he or she has not memorized.  This causes them to rely on the key tools I teach them to sound out and finger spell real words.  It makes them stretch their short term memory for sounds, and helps them quickly land on the vowel sound – even when it is hopelessly mixed in with oddly combined consonant sounds.

I am challenged to help my students develop the skills they need to read and spell while also building up their confidence in their own abilities.   I love how Dorothy Blosser Whitehead phrases my goal. “Our goal is a mastery of print.  When students don’t have to be told the words, it gives them a sense of power.”  Bring on the nonsense words, we are empowering students in this classroom!

Irregular word practice technique

Irregular word practice technique

A student traces a word card for “they.” The word is written in glitter glue, which makes a scratchy, interesting surface to trace over. (Once it hardens overnight.  Hide the cards until they get really set!) Tracing, saying the letters aloud as one traces, and then sweeping a finger under the whole word as it is said orally is a multi-sensory way to glue those sight words into the brain.

Mnemonic Stories

Mnemonic Stories

The small groups at school are participating in our school library’s fundraiser. It involves each classroom at school producing a book with text and pictures written by the students. Inspired by Big Elephant, we chose to write a book of mnemonics for remembering how to spell what we call “puzzle words.”  Words like could and again. The kind which defy sounding out. We wrote crazy back stories for each mnemonic, to make it more memorable.  I share with you the story my second grade small group wrote.  It is a perfect second grade story, because it mentions each person’s favorite food and their moms’ first names.

Sally’s Oven Might Explode!

A story to help us remember how to spell the word “some.” 

Sally is a wonderful cook!  Everyone wants her to bake delicious food for their special events. On Friday Sally’s daughter is turning eight years old. She wants Sally to make her a cookie cake. Sally says she will make it.  On Friday Sally’s friend is getting married.  She asked Sally to make her wedding cake.  Sally says she would be glad to bake it.  On Friday Sally is competing in a baking contest. For the contest, she has to make homemade bread for a chicken sandwich, sugar cookies, and a perfectly roasted turkey.

Sally was so busy on Thursday getting the decorations set up for her daughter’s birthday that she went to bed very late. She set five alarms to wake her up in the morning, but she slept through all of them. By the time Sally did wake up, it was quite late.

Sally leaped from her bed, shoved her feet into flip flops, and dashed to the kitchen in her pajamas.  She tripped over a skateboard, rolled down the hallway, flipped over the cat and fell down the stairs.  The ambulance took her to the hospital where they put her arm in a cast.

On the way home, Sally stopped at the grocery store to pick up a few ingredients.  She saw her friend, Theresa, and told her about all the troubles of the day, and how she still had to bake a ton of food.  Theresa called their other friends, Brenda, Carla, Brooke, another Teresa and Meagon.  The friends all say they will come to Sally’s kitchen to help her bake.

Soon the friends are all busy mixing and baking.  Each lady carries the pans of batter and dough to Sally’s oven and all the pans are somehow fitted in.  The oven door is closed and the timer is set.

Strange sounds begin to come from the oven, then little wisps of steam escape from the cracks around the oven door. The ladies looked at the strangely hissing oven, then at each other.  “Run,” they all scream.  “Sally’s oven might explode!”

Big Elephants

Big Elephants

Great ideas come from everywhere. It’s just a matter of being ready and willing to grab an idea, modify it to your needs, and go with it.

We had a need in my classroom. We needed great mnemonics to help the kids remember how to correctly spell frequently used but creatively spelled words. Like the word “because.” Most students had settled into spelling it “bicuz,” but we had more variations on the spelling of that one word than Paula Deen has ways to cook with butter. I was on the hunt for a great idea alright.

The Inspiration

The idea came from a comment made by character Patrick Jayne on an episode of the TV show The Mentalist.  It was intended as a wise crack, but I took it for the gift it was. Jayne snidely remarked to another character on the show “Big elephants can always understand small elephants.”

He had just smirked a mnemonic for the word “because.”

Thank you, writers of The Mentalist!

In the classroom, I created a backstory for the phrase, “Big elephants can always understand small elephants.” It needed a memory link, or the students wouldn’t remember what it was that could help them remember how to spell “because.” I borrowed heavily from Babar and other wise old elephants in children’s literature and came up with this yarn.

The Backstory

The little elephants of the village had tangled their trunks and tails playing soccer. Again. This time none of them could get free to help the others. So they did what they always did when in a fix of their own making. They called for Granddaddy Elephant. He laid aside his pipe, kindly lumbered over, sorted out kinks in tails and knots in trunks, telling stories of his boyhood escapades to keep the little elephants from wiggling as he worked. When they thanked him for his kindness to them, he looked fondly from one to another and told them, “That’s ok. Big elephants can always understand small elephants. I was a small once too, you know.”

Brain Glue

Now for some artwork to glue the story on its mental peg in each young brain. Grey elephants were cut from construction paper to be Granddaddy and glued to yellow construction paper. Small elephants in all manner of tangles were stamped onto the page, with speech bubbles asking for help. Down the side, in big letters, “because” was spelled out, and written across from each letter was the word from the mnemonic phrase, “Big elephants can always understand small elephants.”

Did it stick?

Yup, they still remember it! We went through that exercise about a year ago. Recently the students were writing journal stories, and I could hear one softly whispering to himself, “Big elephants can always understand small elephants” as he wrote. His neighbor smiled and commented how much he loved that story, and it helped him spell the word correctly. A girl who is new to the group asked to be told the story, and her classmates happily obliged.

Why did this work? Because. Because small stories can be used to solve big problems.

So, if they have dyslexia, they can’t read, right?

So, if they have dyslexia, they can’t read, right?

People with dyslexia can learn to read and to spell, and to write coherent sentences!  They just learn a different way from non-dyslexic people.  

Dyslexic people have different brain architecture which spreads out the centers in their brain where language tasks take place rather than having a tidy little brain neighborhood of language factories whirring away at reading and spelling tasks.  But we can create “brain roads” from one center to another, making language tasks faster and less prone to getting lost along the way. Targeted and memorable practice transforms those brain roads into brain superhighways along which language information can zoom.  

Teaching a dyslexic person to read involves a lot of really fun and creative methods.  Fun for the student and the teacher! I say “make it memorable” (and I don’t mean scarred-for-life memories of classroom embarrassment).  I mean connecting a language concept with a fun activity or crazy story.  Many dyslexic people are highly creative, so the kids are along for the ride on this, often making great suggestions which we implement to give them ownership of their learning.  

Phonics are at the core of teaching a dyslexic person to read.  It surprised me to learn that there are 44 speech sounds in American English, but only 26 alphabetic characters. So somebody is working overtime to create those extra sounds! Many sounds are spelled in multiple ways.  We make letters into characters from our story, learning in a sequential way their sounds and characteristics. The letters’ personalities unfold like beloved book characters whom we crave to know more about and understand.  

For example, the secret life of the letter Y.

My students love discovering the secret life of the letter Y. By day, mild-mannered consonant, minding its own business, living at the beginning of words or syllables.  But!  Y sometimes dons superhero capes hidden in its closet that allow it to become an undercover vowel, making an e or an i sound, when the need arises.  And you can bet every child in the room wants to know exactly what the needs are that allow super capes to be whipped out and worn!

So they learn the Y Rule. This is a smidge of what I mean by making it memorable.  Secret Superheroes vs. letters on a page.  Hmm, I know which one I would remember more readily!    

And the fun has barely begun!  In another post I will give you a peek into kinesthetic methods, brain training games, and a whole lot of other great tools from my bag-o-tricks.

The O-G Method

I would like to mention that the sequential method for teaching a dyslexic person, and the kinesthetic methods which are so successful are all part of the Orton-Gillingham method.  It was pioneered by Dr. Samuel Orton in the 1930’s, and is the method in which I was trained to tutor dyslexic people.  Google it.  You will be reading about the O-G method for the rest of the day.  It’s that interesting.